免費下載！
[!--downpath--]中化學方程式大全 21:44非金屬單質（F2 ，Cl2 , O2 , S, N2 , P , C , Si）?
1, 氧化性：?
F2 + H2 === 2HF?
F2 +Xe(過量)===XeF2?
2F2（過量）+Xe===XeF4?
nF2 +2M===2MFn (表示大部分金屬)?
2F2 +2H2O===4HF+O2?
2F2 +2NaOH===2NaF+OF2 +H2O?
F2 +2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2?
F2 +2NaBr===2NaF+Br2?
F2+2NaI ===2NaF+I2?
F2 +Cl2 (等體積)===2ClF?
3F2 (過量)+Cl2===2ClF3?
7F2(過量)+I2 ===2IF7?
Cl2 +H2 ===2HCl?
3Cl2 +2P===2PCl3?
Cl2 +PCl3 ===PCl5?
Cl2 +2Na===2NaCl?
3Cl2 +2Fe===2FeCl3?
Cl2 +2FeCl2 ===2FeCl3?
Cl2+Cu===CuCl2?
2Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2?
Cl2 +2NaI ===2NaCl+I2?
5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl?
Cl2 +Na2S===2NaCl+S?
Cl2 +H2S===2HCl+S?
Cl2+SO2 +2H2O===H2SO4 +2HCl?
Cl2 +H2O2 ===2HCl+O2?
2O2 +3Fe===Fe3O4?
O2+K===KO2?
S+H2===H2S?
2S+C===CS2?
S+Fe===FeS?
S+2Cu===Cu2S?
3S+2Al===Al2S3?
S+Zn===ZnS?
N2+3H2===2NH3?
N2+3Mg===Mg3N2?
N2+3Ca===Ca3N2?
N2+3Ba===Ba3N2?
N2+6Na===2Na3N?
N2+6K===2K3N?
N2+6Rb===2Rb3N?
P2+6H2===4PH3?
P+3Na===Na3P?
2P+3Zn===Zn3P2?
2．還原性?
S+O2===SO2?
S+O2===SO2?
S+6HNO3(濃)===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O?
3S+4 HNO3(稀)===3SO2+4NO+2H2O?
N2+O2===2NO?
4P+5O2===P4O10(常寫成P2O5)?
2P+3X2===2PX3 （X表示F2，Cl2，Br2）?
PX3+X2===PX5?
P4+20HNO3(濃)===4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2O?
C+2F2===CF4?
C+2Cl2===CCl4?
2C+O2(少量)===2CO?
C+O2(足量)===CO2?
C+CO2===2CO?
C+H2O===CO+H2(生成水煤氣)?
2C+SiO2===Si+2CO(制得粗硅)?
Si(粗)+2Cl===SiCl4?
(SiCl4+2H2===Si(純)+4HCl)?
Si(粉)+O2===SiO2?
Si+C===SiC(金剛砂)?
Si+2NaOH+H2O===Na2SiO3+2H2?
3，（堿中）歧化?
Cl2+H2O===HCl+HClO?
（加酸抑制歧化，加堿或光照促進歧化）?
Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O?
2Cl2+2Ca（OH）2===CaCl2+Ca（ClO）2+2H2O?
3Cl2+6KOH（熱，濃）===5KCl+KClO3+3H2O?
3S+6NaOH===2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O?
4P+3KOH（濃）+3H2O===PH3+3KH2PO2?
11P+15CuSO4+24H2O===5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO4?
3C+CaO===CaC2+CO?
3C+SiO2===SiC+2CO?
二，金屬單質（Na，Mg，Al，Fe）的還原性?
2Na+H2===2NaH?
4Na+O2===2Na2O?
2Na2O+O2===2Na2O2?
2Na+O2===Na2O2?
2Na+S===Na2S（爆炸）?
2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2?
2Na+2NH3===2NaNH2+H2?
4Na+TiCl4（熔融）===4NaCl+Ti?
Mg+Cl2===MgCl2?
Mg+Br2===MgBr2?
2Mg+O2===2MgO?
Mg+S===MgS?
Mg+2H2O===Mg（OH）2+H2?
2Mg+TiCl4（熔融）===Ti+2MgCl2?
Mg+2RbCl===MgCl2+2Rb?
2Mg+CO2===2MgO+C?
2Mg+SiO2===2MgO+Si?
Mg+H2S===MgS+H2?
Mg+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2?
2Al+3Cl2===2AlCl3?
4Al+3O2===2Al2O3（鈍化）?
4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg?
4Al+3MnO2===2Al2O3+3Mn?
2Al+Cr2O3===Al2O3+2Cr?
2Al+Fe2O3===Al2O3+2Fe?
2Al+3FeO===Al2O3+3Fe?
2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2?
2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2?
2Al+6H2SO4(濃)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O?
(Al,Fe在冷,濃的H2SO4,HNO3中鈍化)?
Al+4HNO(稀)===Al(NO3)3+NO+2H2O?
2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2?
2Fe+3Br2===2FeBr3?
Fe+I2===FeI2?
Fe+S===FeS?
3Fe+4H2O(g)===Fe3O4+4H2?
Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2?
Fe+CuCl2===FeCl2+Cu?
Fe+SnCl4===FeCl2+SnCl2?
(鐵在酸性環境下,不能把四氯化錫完全?
還原為單質錫 Fe+SnCl2==FeCl2+Sn)?
三, 非金屬氫化物(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3)?
1,還原性:?
4HCl(濃)+MnO2===MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O?
4HCl(g)+O2===2Cl2+2H2O?
16HCl+2KMnO4===2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O?
14HCl+K2Cr2O7===2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2O?
2H2O+2F2===4HF+O2?
2H2S+3O2(足量)===2SO2+2H2O?
2H2S+O2(少量)===2S+2H2O?
2H2S+SO2===3S+2H2O?
H2S+H2SO4(濃)===S+SO2+2H2O?
3H2S+2HNO(稀)===3S+2NO+4H2O?
5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O?
3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4===Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7H2O?
H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O===Na2SO4+6NaOH?
2NH3+3CuO===3Cu+N2+3H2O?
2NH3+3Cl2===N2+6HCl?
8NH3+3Cl2===N2+6NH4Cl?
4NH3+3O2(純氧)===2N2+6H2O?
4NH3+5O2===4NO+6H2O?
4NH3+6NO===5N2+6HO(用氨清除NO)?
NaH+H2O===NaOH+H2?
4NaH+TiCl4===Ti+4NaCl+2H2?
CaH2+2H2O===Ca(OH)2+2H2?
2,酸性:?
4HF+SiO2===SiF4+2H2O?
（此反應廣泛應用于測定礦樣或鋼樣中SiO2的含量）?
2HF+CaCl2===CaF2+2HCl?
H2S+Fe===FeS+H2?
H2S+CuCl2===CuS+2HCl?
H2S+2AgNO3===Ag2S+2HNO3?
H2S+HgCl2===HgS+2HCl?
H2S+Pb(NO3)2===PbS+2HNO3?
H2S+FeCl2===?
2NH3+2Na==2NaNH2+H2?
(NaNH2+H2O===NaOH+NH3)?
3，堿性：?
NH3+HCl===NH4Cl?
NH3+HNO3===NH4NO3?
2NH3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4?
NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2===NaHCO3+NH4Cl?
（此反應用于工業制備小蘇打，蘇打）?
4，不穩定性：?
2HF===H2+F2?
2HCl===H2+Cl2?
2H2O===2H2+O2?
2H2O2===2H2O+O2?
H2S===H2+S?
2NH3===N2+3H2?
四，非金屬氧化物?
低價態的還原性：?
2SO2+O2===2SO3?
2SO2+O2+2H2O===2H2SO4?
（這是SO2在大氣中緩慢發生的環境化學反應）?
SO2+Cl2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl?
SO2+Br2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HBr?
SO2+I2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HI?
SO2+NO2===SO3+NO?
2NO+O2===2NO2?
NO+NO2+2NaOH===2NaNO2?
（用于制硝酸工業中吸收尾氣中的NO和NO2）?
2CO+O2===2CO2?
CO+CuO===Cu+CO2?
3CO+Fe2O3===2Fe+3CO2?
CO+H2O===CO2+H2?
氧化性：?
SO2+2H2S===3S+2H2O?
SO3+2KI===K2SO3+I2?
NO2+2KI+H2O===NO+I2+2KOH?
（不能用淀粉KI溶液鑒別溴蒸氣和NO2）?
4NO2+H2S===4NO+SO3+H2O?
2NO2+Cu===4CuO+N2?
CO2+2Mg===2MgO+C?
(CO2不能用于撲滅由Mg,Ca,Ba,Na,K等燃燒的火災)?
SiO2+2H2===Si+2H2O?
SiO2+2Mg===2MgO+Si?
3,與水的作用:?
SO2+H2O===H2SO3?
SO3+H2O===H2SO4?
3NO2+H2O===2HNO3+NO?
N2O5+H2O===2HNO3?
P2O5+H2O===2HPO3?
P2O5+3H2O===2H3PO4?
(P2O5極易吸水,可作氣體干燥劑?
P2O5+3H2SO4(濃)===2H3PO4+3SO3)?
CO2+H2O===H2CO3?
4,與堿性物質的作用:?
SO2+2NH3+H2O===(NH4)2SO3?
SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O===2NH4HSO3?
(這是硫酸廠回收SO2的反應.先用氨水吸收SO2,?
再用H2SO4處理: 2NH4HSO3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4+2H2O+2SO2?
生成的硫酸銨作化肥,SO2循環作原料氣)?
SO2+Ca(OH)2===CaSO3+H2O?
(不能用澄清石灰水鑒別SO2和CO2.可用品紅鑒別)?
SO3+MgO===MgSO4?
SO3+Ca(OH)2===CaSO4+H2O?
CO2+2NaOH(過量)===Na2CO3+H2O?
CO2(過量)+NaOH===NaHCO3?
CO2+Ca(OH)2(過量)===CaCO3+H2O?
2CO2(過量)+Ca(OH)2===Ca(HCO3)2?
CO2+2NaAlO2+3H2O===2Al(OH)3+Na2CO3?
CO2+C6H5ONa+H2O===C6H5OH+NaHCO3?
SiO2+CaO===CaSiO3?
SiO2+2NaOH===Na2SiO3+H2O?
(常溫下強堿緩慢腐蝕玻璃)?
SiO2+Na2CO3===Na2SiO3+CO2?
SiO2+CaCO3===CaSiO3+CO2?
五,金屬氧化物?
1,低價態的還原性:?
6FeO+O2===2Fe3O4?
FeO+4HNO3===Fe(NO3)3+NO2+2H2O?
2,氧化性:?
Na2O2+2Na===2Na2O?
（此反應用于制備Na2O）?
MgO，Al2O3幾乎沒有氧化性，很難被還原為Mg，Al.?
一般通過電解制Mg和Al.?
Fe2O3+3H2===2Fe+3H2O (制還原鐵粉)?
Fe3O4+4H2===3Fe+4H2O?
3,與水的作用:?
Na2O+H2O===2NaOH?
2Na2O2+2H2O===4NaOH+O2?
(此反應分兩步:Na2O2+2H2O===2NaOH+H2O2 ;?
2H2O2===2H2O+O2. H2O2的制備可利用類似的反應:?
BaO2+H2SO4(稀)===BaSO4+H2O2)?
MgO+H2O===Mg(OH)2 (緩慢反應)?
4,與酸性物質的作用:?
Na2O+SO3===Na2SO4?
Na2O+CO2===Na2CO3?
Na2O+2HCl===2NaCl+H2O?
2Na2O2+2CO2===2Na2CO3+O2?
Na2O2+H2SO4(冷,稀)===Na2SO4+H2O2?
MgO+SO3===MgSO4?
MgO+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2O?
Al2O3+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2O?
(Al2O3是兩性氧化物:?
Al2O3+2NaOH===2NaAlO2+H2O)?
FeO+2HCl===FeCl2+3H2O?
Fe2O3+6HCl===2FeCl3+3H2O?
Fe2O3+3H2S(g)===Fe2S3+3H2O?
Fe3O4+8HCl===FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2O?
?六,含氧酸?
1,氧化性:?
4HClO3+3H2S===3H2SO4+4HCl?
HClO3+HI===HIO3+HCl?
3HClO+HI===HIO3+3HCl?
HClO+H2SO3===H2SO4+HCl?
HClO+H2O2===HCl+H2O+O2?
(氧化性:HClO>HClO2>HClO3>HClO4,?
但濃,熱的HClO4氧化性很強)?
2H2SO4(濃)+C===CO2+2SO2+2H2O?
2H2SO4(濃)+S===3SO2+2H2O?
H2SO4+Fe(Al) 室溫下鈍化?
6H2SO4(濃)+2Fe===Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O?
2H2SO4(濃)+Cu===CuSO4+SO2+2H2O?
H2SO4(濃)+2HBr===SO2+Br2+2H2O?
H2SO4(濃)+2HI===SO2+I2+2H2O?
H2SO4(稀)+Fe===FeSO4+H2?
2H2SO3+2H2S===3S+2H2O?
4HNO3(濃)+C===CO2+4NO2+2H2O?
6HNO3(濃)+S===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O?
5HNO3(濃)+P===H3PO4+5NO2+H2O?
6HNO3+Fe===Fe(NO3)3+3NO2+3H2O?
4HNO3+Fe===Fe(NO3)3+NO+2H2O?
30HNO3+8Fe===8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O+15H2O?
36HNO3+10Fe===10Fe(NO3)3+3N2+18H2O?
30HNO3+8Fe===8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2O?
2,還原性:?
H2SO3+X2+H2O===H2SO4+2HX?
(X表示Cl2,Br2,I2)?
2H2SO3+O2===2H2SO4?
H2SO3+H2O2===H2SO4+H2O?
5H2SO3+2KMnO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+2H2SO4+3H2O?
H2SO3+2FeCl3+H2O===H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HCl?
3,酸性:?
H2SO4(濃) +CaF2===CaSO4+2HF?
H2SO4(濃)+NaCl===NaHSO4+HCl?
H2SO4(濃) +2NaCl===Na2SO4+2HCl?
H2SO4(濃)+NaNO3===NaHSO4+HNO3?
3H2SO4(濃)+Ca3（PO4）2===3CaSO4+2H3PO4?
2H2SO4(濃)+Ca3（PO4）2===2CaSO4+Ca（H2PO4）2?
3HNO3+Ag3PO4===H3PO4+3AgNO3?
2HNO3+CaCO3===Ca（NO3）2+H2O+CO2?
（用HNO3和濃H2SO4不能制備H2S，HI，HBr，（SO2）?
等還原性氣體）?
4H3PO4+Ca3（PO4）2===3Ca（H2PO4）2（重鈣）?
H3PO4（濃）+NaBr===NaH2PO4+HBr?
H3PO4（濃）+NaI===NaH2PO4+HI?
4，不穩定性：?
2HClO===2HCl+O2?
4HNO3===4NO2+O2+2H2O?
H2SO3===H2O+SO2?
H2CO3===H2O+CO2?
H4SiO4===H2SiO3+H2O?
七，堿?
低價態的還原性：?
4Fe（OH）2+O2+2H2O===4Fe（OH）3?
與酸性物質的作用：?
2NaOH+SO2（少量）===Na2SO3+H2O?
NaOH+SO2（足量）===NaHSO3?
2NaOH+SiO2===NaSiO3+H2O?
2NaOH+Al2O3===2NaAlO2+H2O?
2NaOH+Cl2===NaCl+NaClO+H2O?
NaOH+HCl===NaCl+H2O?
NaOH+H2S（足量）===NaHS+H2O?
2NaOH+H2S（少量）===Na2S+2H2O?
3NaOH+AlCl3===Al（OH）3+3NaCl?
NaOH+Al（OH）3===NaAlO2+2H2O?
（AlCl3和Al（OH）3哪個酸性強？）?
NaOH+NH4Cl===NaCl+NH3+H2O?
Mg（OH）2+2NH4Cl===MgCl2+2NH3.H2O?
Al(OH)3+NH4Cl 不溶解?
3,不穩定性:?
Mg(OH)2===MgO+H2O?
2Al(OH)3===Al2O3+3H2O?
2Fe(OH)3===Fe2O3+3H2O?
Cu(OH)2===CuO+H2O?
八,鹽?
1,氧化性:?
2FeCl3+Fe===3FeCl2?
2FeCl3+Cu===2FeCl2+CuCl2?
(用于雕刻銅線路版)?
2FeCl3+Zn===2FeCl2+ZnCl2?
FeCl3+Ag===FeCl2+AgC?
Fe2(SO4)3+2Ag===FeSO4+Ag2SO4(較難反應)?
Fe(NO3)3+Ag 不反應?
2FeCl3+H2S===2FeCl2+2HCl+S?
2FeCl3+2KI===2FeCl2+2KCl+I2
FeCl2+Mg===Fe+MgCl2?
2,還原性:?
2FeCl2+Cl2===2FeCl3?
3Na2S+8HNO3(稀)===6NaNO3+2NO+3S+4H2O?
3Na2SO3+2HNO3(稀)===3Na2SO4+2NO+H2O?
2Na2SO3+O2===2Na2SO4?
3,與堿性物質的作用:?
MgCl2+2NH3.H2O===Mg(OH)2+NH4Cl?
AlCl3+3NH3.H2O===Al(OH)3+3NH4Cl?
FeCl3+3NH3.H2O===Fe(OH)3+3NH4Cl?
4,與酸性物質的作用:?
Na3PO4+HCl===Na2HPO4+NaCl?
Na2HPO4+HCl===NaH2PO4+NaCl?
NaH2PO4+HCl===H3PO4+NaCl?
Na2CO3+HCl===NaHCO3+NaCl?
NaHCO3+HCl===NaCl+H2O+CO2?
3Na2CO3+2AlCl3+3H2O===2Al(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl?
3Na2CO3+2FeCl3+3H2O===2Fe(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl?
3NaHCO3+AlCl3===Al(OH)3+3CO2?
3NaHCO3+FeCl3===Fe(OH)3+3CO2?
3Na2S+Al2(SO4)3+6H2O===2Al(OH)3+3H2S?
3NaAlO2+AlCl3+6H2O===4Al(OH)3?
5,不穩定性:?
Na2S2O3+H2SO4===Na2SO4+S+SO2+H2O?
NH4Cl===NH3+HCl?
NH4HCO3===NH3+H2O+CO2?
2KNO3===2KNO2+O2?
2Cu(NO3)3===2CuO+4NO2+O2?
2KMnO4===K2MnO4+MnO2+O2?
2KClO3===2KCl+3O2?
2NaHCO3===Na2CO3+H2O+CO2?
Ca(HCO3)2===CaCO3+H2O+CO2?
CaCO3===CaO+CO2?
MgCO3===MgO+CO2?
